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PICKIT ? 1 FLASH STARTER KIT
USER ’S GUIDE
Appendix C. PIC12F675 Programming Projects
C.1
C.2
C.3
INTRODUCTION
This appendix contains introductory lessons for users new to PICmicro ? micro-
controller units (MCU). The programming projects in this appendix describe different
concepts in controlling the PIC12F675 PICmicro microcontroller unit (MCU). Each
lesson includes instructions for running a program demo that illustrates each of the
concepts listed below in Section C.2. It is best to follow the lessons in sequential order,
for each lesson builds upon the previous one. (The hex files and source code for the
lessons can be found on the PICkit ? 1 Flash Starter Kit CDROM.)
HIGHLIGHTS
The following lessons are discussed in this chapter:
Lesson 1 – Switch Debouncing
Lesson 2 – State Machines
Lesson 3 – Interrupts
Lesson 4 – Analog-to-Digital Converters and Comparators
Lesson 5 – Data Tables in Program Memory
Lesson 6 – Using EEPROM Memory
Lesson 7 – Frequency Counting with Timer1 Gate
LESSON 1 – SWITCH DEBOUNCING
Mechanical switches play an important and extensive role in practically every
computer, microprocessor and microcontroller application. Mechanical switches are
inexpensive, simple and reliable. In addition, switches can be very noisy. The apparent
noise is caused by the closing and opening action that seldom results in a clean
electrical transition. The connection makes and breaks several, perhaps even
hundreds, of times before the final switch state settles.
The problem is known as switch bounce. Some of the intermittent activity is due to the
switch contacts actually bouncing off each other. Imagine slapping two billiard balls
together. The hard non-resilient material doesn't absorb the kinetic energy of motion.
Instead, the energy dissipates over time and friction in the bouncing action against the
forces push the billiard balls together. Hard metal switch contacts react in much the
same way. Also, switch contacts are not perfectly smooth. As the contacts move
against each other, the imperfections and impurities on the surfaces cause the
electrical connection to be interrupted. The result is switch bounce.
The consequences of uncorrected switch bounce can range from being just annoying
to catastrophic. For example, imagine advancing the TV channel, but instead of getting
the next channel, the selection skips one or two. This is a situation a designer should
strive to avoid.
? 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS40051D-page 39
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